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Quantum Mechanics: The Physics of the Microscopic World
Säsong 1
200924 avsnitt
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Avsnitt
- S1 A1 – The Quantum Enigma22 februari 200932minQuantum mechanics is the most successful physical theory ever devised, and you learn what distinguishes it from its predecessor, classical mechanics. Professor Schumacher explains his ground rules for the course, which is designed to teach you some of the deep ideas and methods of quantum mechanics. #Science & MathematicsKostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A2 – The View from 190022 februari 200932minYou investigate the age-old debate over whether the physical world is discrete or continuous. By the 19th century, physicists saw a clear demarcation: Matter is made of discrete atoms, while light is a continuous wave of electromagnetic energy. However, a few odd phenomena remained difficult to explain.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A3 – Two Revolutionaries - Planck and Einstein22 februari 200928minAt the beginning of the 20th century, Max Planck and Albert Einstein proposed revolutionary ideas to resolve puzzles about light and matter. You explore Planck's discovery that light energy can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete amounts called quanta, and Einstein's application of this concept to matter.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A4 – Particles of Light, Waves of Matter22 februari 200928minLight propagates through space as a wave, but it exchanges its energy in the form of particles. You learn how Louis de Broglie showed that this weird wave-particle duality also applies to matter, and how Max Born inferred that this relationship makes quantum mechanics inherently probabilistic.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A5 – Standing Waves and Stable Atoms22 februari 200930minYou explore the mystery of why atoms are stable. Niels Bohr suggested that quantum theory explains atomic stability by allowing only certain distinct orbits for electrons. Erwin Schrödinger discovered a powerful equation that reproduces the energy levels of Bohr's model.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A6 – Uncertainty22 februari 200930minOne of the most famous and misunderstood concepts in quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. You trace Werner Heisenberg's route to this revolutionary view of subatomic particle interactions, which establishes a trade-off between how precisely a particle's position and momentum can be defined.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A7 – Complementarity and the Great Debate22 februari 200929minYou focus on the Einstein-Bohr debate, which pitted Einstein's belief that quantum events can, in principle, be known in every detail, against Bohr's philosophy of complementarity - the view that a measurement of one quantum variable precludes a different variable from ever being known.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A8 – Paradoxes of Interference22 februari 200930minBeginning his presentation of quantum mechanics in simplified form, Professor Schumacher discusses the mysteries and paradoxes of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. He concludes with a thought experiment showing that an interferometer can determine whether a bomb will blow up without necessarily setting it off.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A9 – States, Amplitudes, and Probabilities22 februari 200931minThe interferometer from the previous lecture serves as a test case for introducing the formal math of quantum theory. By learning a few symbols and rules, you can describe the states of quantum particles, show how these states change over time, and predict the results of measurements.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A10 – Particles That Spin22 februari 200933minMany quantum particles move through space and also have an intrinsic spin. Analyzing spin gives you a simple laboratory for exploring the basic ideas of quantum mechanics, and it is one of your key tools for understanding the quantum world.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A11 – Quantum Twins22 februari 200931minMacroscopic objects obey the snowflake principle. No two are exactly alike. Quantum particles do not obey this principle. For instance, every electron is perfectly identical to every other. You learn that quantum particles come in two basic types: bosons, which can occupy the same quantum state; and fermions, which cannot.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A12 – The Gregarious Particles22 februari 200930minYou discover that the tendency of bosons to congregate in the same quantum state can lead to amazing applications. In a laser, huge numbers of photons are created, moving in exactly the same direction with the same energy. In superconductivity, quantum effects allow electrons to flow forever without resistance.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A13 – Antisymmetric and Antisocial22 februari 200931minWhy is matter solid, even though atoms are mostly empty space? The answer is the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two identical fermions can ever be in the same quantum state.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A14 – The Most Important Minus Sign in the World22 februari 200930minAt the fundamental level, bosons and fermions differ in a single minus sign. One way of understanding the origin of this difference is with the Feynman ribbon trick, which Dr. Schumacher demonstrates.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A15 – Entanglement22 februari 200928minWhen two particles are part of the same quantum system, they may be entangled with each other. In their famous "EPR" paper, Einstein and his collaborators Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen used entanglement to argue that quantum mechanics is incomplete. You chart their reasoning and Bohr's response.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A16 – Bell and Beyond22 februari 200930minThirty years after EPR, physicist John Bell dropped an even bigger bombshell, showing that a deterministic theory of quantum mechanics such as EPR violates the principle of locality - that particles in close interaction can't be instantaneously affected by events happening in another part of the universe.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A17 – All the Myriad Ways22 februari 200932minFeynman diagrams are a powerful tool for analyzing events in the quantum world. Some diagrams show particles moving forward and backward in time, while other particles appear from nowhere and disappear again. All are possible quantum scenarios, which you learn how to plot.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A18 – Much Ado about Nothing22 februari 200931minThe quantum vacuum is a complex, rapidly fluctuating medium, which can actually be observed as a tiny attraction between two metal plates. You also discover that vacuum energy may be the source of the dark energy that causes the universe to expand at an ever-accelerating rate.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A19 – Quantum Cloning22 februari 200929minYou explore quantum information and quantum computing - Dr. Schumacher's specialty, for which he pioneered the concept "qubit," the unit of quantum information. You learn that unlike classical information, such as a book or musical recording, quantum information can't be perfectly copied.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A20 – Quantum Cryptography22 februari 200931minThe uncopyability of quantum information raises the possibility of quantum cryptography - an absolutely secure method for transmitting a coded message. This lecture tells how to do it, noting that a handful of banks and government agencies already use quantum cryptography to ensure the security of their most secret data.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A21 – Bits, Qubits, and Ebits22 februari 200932minWhat are the laws governing quantum information? Charles Bennett has proposed basic rules governing the relationships between different sorts of information. You investigate his four laws, including quantum teleportation, in which entanglement can be used to send quantum information instantaneously.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A22 – Quantum Computers22 februari 200930minYou explore the intriguing capabilities of quantum computers, which don't yet exist but are theoretically possible. Using the laws of quantum mechanics, such devices could factor huge numbers, allowing them to easily decipher unbreakable conventional codes.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A23 – Many Worlds or One?22 februari 200930minWhat is the fundamental nature of the quantum world? This lecture looks at three possibilities: the Copenhagen, hidden-variable, and many-worlds interpretations. The first two reflect Bohr's and Einstein's views, respectively. The last posits a vast, multivalued universe encompassing every possibility in the quantum realm.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
- S1 A24 – The Great Smoky Dragon22 februari 200930minIn this final lecture, you ponder John A. Wheeler's metaphor of the Great Smoky Dragon, a creature whose tail appears at the start of an experiment and whose head appears at the end. But what lies between is as uncertain as the mysterious and unknowable path of a quantum particle.Kostnadsfri provperiod på The Great Courses Signature Collection eller köp
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